Evidence: Well-supported that ISO/IEC vocabulary and related technical specs exist. They do not certify a random SKU.
Why this page exists
After ~2014, “graphene” on an invoice could mean almost any of forms. Purchasing fights are about layer number, lateral size, oxygen content, metal residue, and surface area — not Dirac cones.
Documented landmarks
- ISO/TS 80004-13:2017 — vocabulary for graphene and related two-dimensional carbons (2017). Its value is admitting multiple materials.
- National measurement labs (NPL and peers) publish characterization good-practice notes (Raman, XPS, AFM, TGA). Use the lab document, not a tweet summarizing it.
- Flagship and national projects spent years on protocols; protocols ≠ enforcement.
Practical reader checklist
- Which form?
- Layer distribution, not a single magic number.
- Oxygen / defect metric (XPS, Raman D/G).
- Metals and residual solvent.
- Dry powder vs masterbatch (2026-09-16-niosh-graphene-exposure).
If a vendor will not answer those, the archive can still list the press release — under Preliminary or Unverified.