Science

Papers and measurements. Bodies sit on [[topics/medical|Medical]]. Year pages: [[history|History]]. Named papers also: [[reference/key-papers]].

Established enough to teach

2004 isolation and field effect. [[timeline/2004]]
2005 Dirac fermions and quantum Hall. [[timeline/2005]]
Copper CVD film, 2009. [[timeline/2009]]
GHz FETs, 2010–11 (f_T, not a phone SoC). [[timeline/2010]] · [[timeline/2011]]
Dean 2010 hBN encapsulation. [[timeline/2010]]
Britnell 2012 vertical FET; Levendorf 2012 lateral hBN. [[timeline/2012]]
Furchi 2012 microcavity photodetector. [[timeline/2012]]
Nair 2012 GO membranes (helium-tight, water-fast). [[timeline/2012]]
Koenig / Bunch 2012 etched-pore sieve. [[timeline/2012]]
2013 waveguide photodetectors. [[timeline/2013]]
Liu 2014 double-layer photodetector; Koppens 2014 review; Cai 2014 THz. [[timeline/2014]]
Magic-angle bilayer, Cao 2018. [[timeline/2018]]
Vocabulary: ISO/TS 80004-13 (2017, 2024) and 21356-1 (2021). [[reference/iso-vocabulary]]

These were the 2004–12 public pitch. The papers above are real. The products named in that pitch did not arrive as advertised.

Replace silicon CMOS. Graphene has no usable gap in the simple sheet. Foundry economics never moved. [[logs/theories]] · [[timeline/2012]]
Replace ITO tomorrow. Large CVD films exist. Touch-panel qualification, yield, and transfer damage are the rest of the work. [[timeline/2010]] · [[reference/applications]]
The graphene battery. Always unpack: conductive additive vs anode vs coating vs a new cell chemistry. GMG 10C small-cell talk stays Preliminary. [[topics/industry/2026-09-09-gmg-battery-cycling]] · [[reference/applications]]

Cheap PO-grade metrology. Plants sell powder and film under one word. ISO 21356-1 exists; incoming-lot tools that a buyer can run without a national lab are still thin. [[reference/standards]] · [[reference/iso-vocabulary]]
Form-by-form biological fate. GO ≠ rGO ≠ dry GNP ≠ a peeled monolayer. Clearance, dose, and long follow-up are not one number. [[topics/medical/biology]] · [[topics/health/form-route]]
Twisted stacks as a platform, not a SKU. MATBG / MATTG / TDBG are measurement platforms. They are not a catalogue part. [[timeline/2018]] · [[timeline/2021]] · [[timeline/2023]] · [[guides/glossary]]