Evidence: Well-supported

The European Commission launches the Graphene Flagship (with the Human Brain Project) as a FET Flagship: long-horizon coordination across universities and companies, roadmaps, standards talk, pilot lines.

This is the cleanest single row on companies for a public program start. Original core phase is often described through ~2023, with follow-on under Horizon Europe. Treat patent-count press releases as marketing unless you open the filings.

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2014-2019